ABSTRACT
The present research investigated the effect budgetary participation has on managers’ goals achievement in the public and private sectors in Nigeria. The survey method of research was used. The sample was made up of 20 participants from public and private sector organizations. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaire. From the responses, we observed that the degree of budgetary participation is highly dependent on the sector. In the private sector, the managers reported that the attainment and achievement of goals are due to a great extent on involvement in the budgeting process. In the public sector, the budget preparation is too, often looked upon from a purely mechanistic view point. That is, top management issuing orders and insisting that certain steps be followed. The study showed also that there is a strong positive relationship between the private sector managers’ budgetary participation and their achievement of budget goals, while a weak positive relationship existed in the public sector. Based on the findings, we recommend the following for both sectors. For the public sector, top management should improve the managers’ budgetary participation by allowing the managers to contribute toward the budge preparation. The government should give the management of these companies the free hand to carve out their own policy by eliminating political vested interest, frequent leadership turnover, red-tapism and levels of bureaucracy in thy system.
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
........ The success and survival of any organization must have the formal development of the budget to involve a device for control, coordination, communication, performance evaluation and motivation. All of these aspects suggest that budget potentially may be a useful managerial tool. However, the application or preparation of the budget for cosmetic reasons can lead to a lot of problems for example dysfunctional behaviour and negative attitude among organizational members according to Argyris (1982:23) Wallace (1966:3-8) and Schiff and Lewin (1970:259-268).
Therefore, the importance of human behaviour in the preparation of the budget cannot be over emphasized. Studies have shown that the public and private sectors differ in some areas like budgetary control, goal clarity, leadership turn over and security. This study investigated the effect budgetary participation has on managerial attitude and performance in the public and private sectors comparatively., that is critically analyzing the degree of budgetary participation among departmental/supervisory managers in the two sectors so as to determine its effect on their attitude and performance. The issue was that since the sectors differ in some areas does it imply that they would differ also in the degree of budgetary participation, attitude toward the budget and budgetary performance? ..........
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY 4
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5
1.5 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY 5
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 6
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 6
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 7
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS 7
REFERENCES 9
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION 10
2.1 BEHAVIOURAL CONSIDERATIONS AND BUDGETING 10
2.2 BUDGETARY PARTICIPATION 14
2.3 PARTICIPATION AND GOAL ACCEPTANCE 17
2.4 PARTICIPATION, MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE 21
2.5 PARTICIPATION, MOTIVATION AND ATTITUDE 25
2.6 BUDGETARY PARTICIPATION AND ATTITUDE TOWARD THE COMPANY AND JOB. 28
2.7 PARTICIPATION, ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENT OF AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 31
REFERENCES 43
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION 48
3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE 49
3.3. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION 49
3.4 DATA COLLECTION METHOD 51
3.5 VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENTS 51
3.6. OPERATIONAL MEASURES OF VARIABLES 52
3.7. DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE 53
REFERENCES 55
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 INTRODUCTION 56
4.1 DATA PRESENTATION 56
4.1.1. Analysis of Research Questions 57
4.2. DATA ANALYSIS 61
4.3. TESTING OF HYPOTHESES 63
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 INTRODUCTION 65
5.1 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 65
5.2 CONCLUSION 67
5.3 RECOMMENDATION 67
BIBLIOGRAPHY 69
Reference code: C090
Reference code: C090
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